1.1. The World History Center began as an innovative and promising institution in 1994, and undertook new initiatives through 2000-2001l. The mission of the Center, was to work actively in support of doctoral studies in world history through research, multimedia production, and curriculum development in world history, in association with the Department of History. In the university’s 1993 approval of the History PhD program, it was explicitly directed that the department should have two additional faculty lines, and that new appointments should contribute significantly to the world history concentration. Students entered the PhD program in 1994, and the Center rapidly won award of major grants from NEH and Annenberg-CPB. In 1998 the university formally recognized the World History Center, whose mission was now expanded to include working with the School of Education for teacher preparation and professional development for teachers of world history.

1.2. The Center has made great strides toward meeting each of the points in its mission. In eight years of activity, the Center and the world history doctoral program gained recognition throughout the U.S. and beyond as the principal center of world historical studies. Among its accomplishments:

• granting six PhDs in world history, and the employment of all six as world historians
• supporting another fourteen students toward completion of PhDs
• supporting six M.A. students in History who have gone on to teach world history in Massachusetts high schools
• publishing the innovative CD-ROM, "Migration in Modern World History"
• hosting the 9^th international conference of the World History Association in June 2000
• awarding research assistantships totaling over 20 year-long grants to graduate students
• organizing a regular research seminar with over 70 presentations,
• directing over sixty multi-day workshops for teachers of world history, in Massachusetts and throughout the U.S.
• completing contract work for the College Board to train workshop leaders and create curriculum for the new AP World History Course.
• supporting substantial research projects and publications by faculty and doctoral students associated with the Center
• hosting the visit to Northeastern’s History PhD program by the AHA Committee on Graduate Education, one of nine exemplary programs nationally by this review committee
• sustaining three central electronic means of communication for world historians: H-WORLD, the World History Center website, and the World History Network,
• establishing the World History Resource Center, a unique teacher resource center
• convening a World History Center Reunion in June 2002, at which 17 students, faculty, and graduates made research presentations

These activities brought in a total of well over two million dollars in grants, plus conference fees of another $50,000.

1.3. Despite its achievements, the Center has failed to attract the resources in staff and base funding to enable it to continue at this level of activity. The difficulties have shown up at every level:

• NEH and Annenberg-CPB have provided four major grants, but these do not allow for base funding for operation of a center.
• Major funders such as NSF, Lilly, Sloan, Dibner, and Arthur Vining Davis continue to think of world history as a teaching field rather than a research field, and decline to allocate funds for building research efforts.

• Formal recognition of the World History Center was not granted until 1998 because of a five-year hiatus in the university’s recognition of research centers.
• The university sought in 1997-1998 to close the history doctoral program, leaving the department and the Center to conduct an exhausting but successful effort to preserve the program
• Lines allocated to History have declined substantially, roughly from 18 in 1993 to 12 in 2002.
• The university has declined repeatedly to provide support for an administrative assistant, equipment, or any base budget for the World History Center.
• The university has made it clear that History will not be a priority field at Northeastern.

• History was able to make only one appointment of a world historian, in 1998. His departure in 2001 to Columbia leaves Northeastern again with only one specialist in world history.
• There is no immediate prospect for the employment of even one new world historian.
• As a result, it is no longer possible to provide training in world history for entering graduate students at the level that was previously possible.
• The School of Education has recruited few students of history, and these have generally not undertaken study of world history.
• Arrangements to grant university credit to teachers who have completed world history workshops have been consistently ineffective.
• The School of Education was able to provide support for a co-op for the Resource Center for three years, but can do so no more.

1.4. In response to these limits, the Center is now moving toward substantial transformation in its mission. The Center will direct its effort toward becoming a network of communication for established world historians. While maintaining its base at Northeastern University, the Center will reduce its activity in such high-overhead activities as graduate training, curriculum development, and collaborative research, and will expand its effort in low-overhead, volunteer-based efforts to sustain connections among research-oriented world historians. Currently planned changes are as follows:

• The Center remains committed to completing its existing major grants: "The World History Network" website (NEH), "Building a Teaching Field" curriculum materials (NEH), and AP World History Curriculum (College Board). These projects will be completed during the academic years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004.
• Support of current PhD students to the completion of their degrees. They will finish at a rate of about four per year, with all of them complete in 2005.

• The Center will be unable to provide financial support, research or curriculum consultation for History PhD students entering from 2002.
• The Center will be very cautious about seeking out further major grants, unless these include full support for the Center’s administrative overhead.
• The Center will cease offering teacher workshops for credit.
• The World History Resource Center, lacking a director and now lacking a co-op employee, will now be open by appointment only.
• The current Advisory Board of Northeastern faculty, while it has served supportively and imaginatively, no longer fits the profile of the Center and will be dissolved.

• The Center will emphasize sustaining a network of research-active world historians, including Northeastern graduates and others worldwide.
• The Center will emphasize electronic communication among researchers, such as on-line seminars.
• The Center will support electronic communication with teachers of world history at school and college levels, linking them to current research and to new curriculum materials.
• A new Advisory Board will be appointed, drawn from research-active world historians and representatives of the funding community, to help set new priorities for the Center.

1.5. Northeastern University, during the past decade, has been the site of the greatest concentrated effort of world historical study in any university. The Center became a leading force in one of the most dramatically changing areas of academic life, the development of global perspectives on the past – as research expanded rapidly and as the expanded teaching of world history became the biggest change in the curriculum of U.S. public education. It is a great disappointment for me and the others who have been central in the Center’s activities to see the Center truncated just as its approach begins to be widely adopted. Yet I find it equally important to emphasize that Northeastern University and its Department of History allowed the past decade of experimentation with world historical research, when no other institution would venture so directly into this field. Northeastern showed the feasibility and laid down the guidelines for advanced study in world history; now other universities will carry the project forward. More generally at Northeastern, faculty members in social sciences (in several areas as well as world history) have shown their ability to develop original and effective research programs. Perhaps it is not to late to hope that a future administration of the university will provide the modest support that would enable some such programs to reach their potential.

Patrick Manning

Professor of History, African-American Studies and Education

Director, World History Center

• Northeastern’s graduate program in history was selected by the American Historical Association’s Committee on Graduate Education for a site visit (October 5, 2001), as part of its review of graduate education in history, supported by the Carnegie Foundation

• Eric Martin was appointed Assistant Professor of History in a tenure-track position at Lewis and Clark State University, Lewiston, Idaho, starting September 2002.
• Stacy Tweedy completed M.A. degree in May 2002.
• George Reklaitis won IREX and ACLS fellowships for his work on Lithuania.
• Field research if four months in India by Whitney Howarth.
• Dissertation Workshop sessions. Presentations during 2001-2002 – one hour reviews of dissertation progress – were as follows: Jeremy Neill (Dec. 13), Jack Rogers (Jan. 27), Bin Yang (Apr. 11), Deb Johnston (Apr. 18), George Reklaitis (apr. 25), Whitney Howarth (May 2), George Dehner (May 9), Stacy Tweedy & Josh Weiner (May 9), Chris Harris & Aiqun Hu (May 23).

• Yinghong Cheng defended his Ph.D. in January 2001, Jeffrey Sommers defended his Ph.D. in July 2001, and Eric Martin defended his Ph.D. in August 2001.

• Jeffrey Sommers was appointed Assistant Professor of History in a tenure-track position at North Georgia College and State University, beginning September of 2001

• Yinghong Cheng was appointed lecturer in History at Salem State College for 2001-2002, teaching surveys of world history.
• Eric Martin was reappointed lecturer in History at Salem State College for 2001-2002, teaching surveys of World History.
• Ph.D. comprehensive exams in World History were completed by Deborah Smith Johnston, Jeremy Neill, Bin Yang, and George Dehner.
• Jeffrey Sommers was holder of a Fulbright Fellowship in Latvia for the entire year 2000.
• Field research of one year in Latvia by Jeffrey Sommers, six months in India by Whitney Howarth, two months by George Reklaitis in Lithuania, and two months by Bin Yang in China.
• Whitney Howarth conducted six months of dissertation research in Bangalore, India.
• Deborah Smith Johnston was the subject of an article in the April edition of NEA Today, highlighting her work as an innovative teacher for members of the National Education Association. Ms. Johnston is a Ph.D. candidate and co-director of two programs on AP World History supported by the College Board.

• Sarah Swedberg completed the first Northeastern University Ph.D. in History in June 1999. David Kalivas completed the second Ph.D. in History in April 2000, and Pamela Brooks completed her Ph.D. in July 2000.
• Sarah Swedberg was appointed Assistant Professor of History in a tenure-track position at Mesa State College, in Colorado, beginning September 1999.

• Pamela Brooks was appointed Assistant Professor of African-American Studies in a tenure-track position at Oberlin College, beginning September 2000.
• David Kalivas continued in his tenured position as Professor of History at Middlesex Community College.
• Yinghong Cheng was appointed lecturer in History at Southern Illinois University - Carbondale for 2000-01, teaching courses in World History and East Asian History.
• Eric Martin was appointed lecturer in History at Salem State College for 2000-01, teaching surveys of World History.
• Field research of six months in Latvia by Jeffrey Sommers and two months by Pamela Brooks in South Africa and Alabama.

3. Research in World History.

Research at the World History Center has included the individual projects of faculty and graduate students, collaborative work on multimedia projects, consultation with researchers elsewhere, and visits to Northeastern by such established researchers as Andre Gunder Frank, Alfred Crosby, Liu Xinru, and Peter Gran.

• Patrick Manning’s book, Navigating World History: A Guide for Researchers and Teachers, went into production at Palgrave. The volume reviews the field of world history and summarizes the work of the World History Center.
• The Center was awarded in October 2001, the NEH grant for "Building a Teaching Profession," in the amount of $156,000.
• Work proceeded on the first year of the "World History Network" with NEH support.

• Adam McKeown’s book, Chinese Migrant Networks and Cultural Change, appeared at the University of Chicago Press.
• Center Director Patrick Manning was appointed to the editorial board of the American Historical Review, the premier historical journal in the U.S, with responsibility for world history during a three-year term.
• The Center submitted a proposal for development of a "World History Network," a comprehensive website, in a special NEH competition for a world history website. The Center was awarded the grant, for $240,000.
• The Center submitted a proposal to NEH to take over, from the World History Association, direction of "Building a Teaching Profession," a project for summer teaching institutes and curriculum development in world history.
• The Center continued to develop its proposal for a CD-ROM on Technology in World History.
• The Center resubmitted a major proposal to NSF, on the World History Databank, in August 2001.
• Visiting Scholar Dirk Raat, of SUNY-Fredonia, spent two weeks at the World History Center in February and March, conducting research on his book on the history of the Americas, and gave a presentation of his work at the World History Seminar.

• Migration in Modern World History, 1500-2000, the "Migration CD-ROM," completed production in February 2000 and was published in August 2000.
• The Center continued to develop its proposal for a CD-ROM on Technology in World History.
• The Center submitted a major proposal to NSF in August 1999, based on its initiative in developing a World History Databank. The proposal was not approved, but will be revised and resubmitted in August 2000.

The World History Seminar began in 1994 under the auspices of NEH, and continued with as many as 14 presentations each academic year. The academic year 1999-2000 was the last in which a full series of lectures was presented in the World History Seminar, as resources came to be in shorter supply. Meanwhile, the seminar’s place was taken in part by the scheduling of Dissertation Workshop presentations during 2001-2002 (see above).

No presentations for the World History Seminar.

November 29. George Reklaitis, Northeastern University

"Cold War in Eastern Europe: Resistance Movements in a Global Context"

January 24. Jeremy Neill, Northeastern University

"Popular concepts of Masculinity and Adventure in Anglo-American Society: Gender, Popular Culture, and the Frontiers of Imperialism, 1880-1918"

June 4. Jack Goldstone, University of California — Davis

"Efflorescences and Contingencies in the Rise of the West: The Sources of Macro-Social Change"

October 12 -- Sucheta Mazumdar, Duke University

"Sex Gender Systems in Transition: Asian and Asian American Women in the Age of Capital"

November 8 -- Liu Xinru, University of Pennsylvania

"Migration and settlement of Yuezhi-Kushans -- interactions and interdependence of nomads and sedentary societies"

December 1 -- Adam McKeown, Northeastern University

"From Opium Farmer to Astronaut: The Transformations of Diasporic Chinese Businessmen since 1850."

January 12  Pamela Brooks, Northeastern University

"Buses, Boycotts, and Passes:  Black Women's Resistance in Montgomery and Johannesburg"

January 26  Patrick Manning, World History Center

"Hector E. Melo and Global Studies in Latin American Migration"

March 8  Dirk Raat, SUNY - Fredonia

"The Americas in World History"

March 15  John Wills, University of Southern California

"Salvation, Participation, and Print Capitalism: A Scholar of Seventeenth-Century China Looks at the Strangeness of Europe"

April 19  David Kalivas, Northeastern University

"Conceptualizing Zones of Interactions in World History: What can we learn from Fernand Braudel and Owen Lattimore?"

April 27  Cynthia Enloe, Clark University

"What Do Feminists Reveal About the Current State of International Politics?"

sponsored jointly with the Womenís Studies Program

May 17  Sarah Swedberg, Mesa State College

"The Cranch Family, the Republic of Letters, and the Imaginary World"

6. World History Resource Center

The World History Resource center opened in the summer of 1998, with support from the Massachusetts Department of Education, as a unique collection of teacher resources. Julie Gauthier, Deborah Smith Johnston and James Diskant have each given it essential direction.

• With support of the School of Education, Kelly Cognac completed a co-op as Coordinator in Fall 2001 and Winter 2002, advancing the on-line catalog of the collection to near completion.

• Program Associate James Diskant was the successful author of a grant proposal to the Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities. The grant provides support for the third annual Symposium, in which twenty outreach organizations collaborate to present world-history workshops to teachers.

• The World History Resource Center entered its third year of operation during 2000, centered in 71 Lake Hall, in the space of the School of Education.
• During 2000 the Resource Center did not have a professional director, and operated under the supervision of World History Center director Patrick Manning. With support of the School of Education, Michael Brush completed a co-op as Coordinator in Fall 2000, and Jennifer Bell worked full-time in Winter and Spring 2001. The Coordinators maintained and developed the collection of the Resource Center Library, and prepared and conducted workshops and conferences.
• In addition, the Resource Center has responsibility for editing, publishing and housing the collection of World History Teaching Units to be published in cooperation with the teachers of the professional development programs.

• The World History Resource Center entered its second year of operation during 1999. In June 1999 the Resource Center moved to 71 Lake Hall, in the space of the School of Education. Director Julie Gauthier left to become a full-time teacher of world history at Lexington High School. Funds were not available to replace her at the level of a professional director of the center. 

• With the generosity of the School of Education, however, it was possible to support an undergraduate co-op Coordinator of the Resource Center beginning September of 1999. Stephen Arguetta worked half-time for the Fall quarter of 1999, David Cosey worked full-time in Winter and Spring 2000, and Alison Brandt worked full-time in Summer 2000.

• In addition, the Resource Center maintained responsibility for editing, publishing and housing the collection of World History Teaching Units to be published in cooperation with the teachers of the professional development programs.

7. Professional Development in World History

From spring of 1998 through summer of 2001, the World History Center led an active campaign of professional development for teachers taking up the teaching of world history. It became the preeminent institution for professional development of teachers of World History in New England and perhaps more generally. This included collaborative work with twenty other centers and organizations in the World History Symposium during four successive years, and administration of a national series of seventeen teacher workshops in 2001.

• October 26.

• September - November, 2000.

• April 8, April 28, May 5 2001.

• May 11-12, 2001.

• July 21-27, 2001.

• July 30-August 3, 2001.

• Summer 2001.

• August 13-17, 2001.

In total, the World History Resource Center made substantial presentations on teaching world history to 550 individual registrants in 2000-2001.

• August 1999 - January 2000.

• October - December 1999.

• January - June 2001.

• March 9, 2000.

• May 5-6, 2000.

• June 25-26, 2000 .

• July 14-21, 2000.

• July 31 - August 11, 2000.

In total, the World History Resource Center made substantial presentations on teaching world history to over 350 individual registrants in 1999-2000.

8. The College Board and AP World History

The AP World History examination given in May 2002 was taken by over 20,000 students in the U.S. and worldwide, making it by far the biggest new AP course supported by the College Board. The World History Center, because of its prominence in teacher workshops, was selected by the College Board for two major tasks in preparing the AP World History course: training workshop leaders and creating sample curriculum.

• Summer 2001 and thereafter. Creation of a major collection of new curriculum for the AP World History course, to be posted on the College Board website, AP Central. Fourteen leading teachers of world history developed a comprehensive web guide to world history, a Best Practices manual of 150 pages, and fifteen week-long teaching units on issues in world history addressing the past two thousand years.

• Center Director Patrick Manning continued to serve as a member of the AP World History Development Committee. This ten-member committee oversees the preparation of the course and exam, to be initiated in 2001-2002, which will enable high school students to gain college credit for their work.
• Summer 2000, Manning and Deborah Smith Johnston of the Center led an AP World History National Training Workshop, held at Northeastern in July 2000, to train 36 teachers and professors to become consultants for the College Board, giving workshops on the new course to several hundred teachers.
• In a further step, the Center was awarded a contract by the College Board to lead an AP World History Curriculum Workshop, July 21-27 at Northeastern University, at which fourteen leading teachers and professors of world history will prepare materials in teaching lessons, website guides, and a best practices guide on AP World History, to be published by the College Board in the Fall of 2001.

• During the course of 1999, Center Director Patrick Manning was appointed to the AP World History Development Committee. This ten-member committee oversees the preparation of the course and exam, to be initiated in 2001-2002, which will enable high school students to gain college credit for their work.
• Later in 1999, Manning and Deborah Smith Johnston of the Center were selected to develop an AP World History National Training Workshop, to be held at Northeastern in July 2000, to train 36 teachers and professors to become consultants for the College Board, giving workshops on the new course to several hundred teachers.
• In a further step, the Center has been asked to prepare a proposal for work in 2001 to prepare teaching units and guides on AP World History that will be published by the College Board.

9. Major Goals for 1999-2002: a report on their achievement.

With creation of the Advisory Board in 1998, the Center began adopting and pursuing formally stated goals, including both major and minor goals. Below are summaries of the Center’s goal-setting activity for the past three years, and the results.

The Center did not set formal goals for the year 2001-2002, in part because the advisory board was unable to meet, and also because its major task was to manage a major contraction in personnel at the same time as having accepted major new commitments.

• The Center’s June 2001 application to the university for a Presidential Excellence Award was not funded.

• The Center met with no progress in its search for funding of an administrative assistant, and the university made no move for a rapid replacement of departing world historian Adam McKeown.
• Jim Diskant, lacking financial support for his work as Program Associate, took a teaching position in the Boston Public Schools, so the Center lost his energy in organizing and conducting teacher workshops.

• Obtain funding for computer and media equipment for the Resource Center (goal set 1998)

• Extend Advisory Board to include external members (goal set 1999).

• Obtain funding for a professional director for the Resource Center (goal set 2000)

• Explore applying to become headquarters for the World History Association, in response to WHA headquarters search (goal set 2000)

• Develop expanded programs in professional development for world history teachers, especially with the Boston Public Schools (goal set 2000)

• Explore new collaborations in research and discussion of world history with other Boston universities (goal set 2000)

• Obtain funding and approval for employing a full-time administrative assistant for the Center (goal set 1998)

• Obtain funding for computer and media equipment for the Resource Center (goal set 1998)

• Pursue major funding for World History Databank, through application to NSF and other agencies (goal set 1999)

• Obtain funding for a professional director for the Resource Center (goal set 1999)

• Extend Advisory Board to include external members (goal set 1999)

External members should be from academic, nonprofit, and corporate institutions.

The Advisory Board of the Center met in March 2001. Members:

The Advisory Board of the Center convened for its first official meeting in October of 1999, and met again in February 2000. Members:

The Center was envisioned as a membership center, in which faculty and graduate students would apply for two-year terms of membership, indicating their project in research or curriculum.

Andre Gunder Frank was appointed Senior Fellow of the Center, and is expected to be in residence at the Center for at least two years.

Contracts

NEH — WHNetwork 240,000 (awarded 2001)

NEH — Institutes 156,000 (awarded 2001)

Other Revenue

Royalties 6,500

Total 506,350

Revenues (Calendar Year 2000)

Revenues 2000-2001

Contracts

Stavrianos 21,000 (awarded 2001)

Subcontracts

Other Revenue

Royalties 5,000

Total 185,135

Revenues (Calendar Year 1999)

Revenues 1999-2000

Contracts

Subcontracts

Other Revenue

Total 158,635

• College Board, 2002. $11,000 in supplemental funding for completion of AP World History curriculum units. Funded for $11,000.

• In April 2002 H. Parker James was appointed Associate Director of the World History Center, to work on an hourly basis while the Director was on medical leave. Dr. James received his PhD in world history from Tufts University in 2001.

Space.

• The Resource Center was twice flooded from above during 2001-2002. This time repairs were made that appear to address the problem.

Personnel. During 2001-2002 the Center benefited from the service of the following individuals, listed by the project of their work within the center.

• Faculty. Patrick Manning, director.
• Work-study employees: none.
• Co-op employees. Christopher Galatioto (World History Network), Sarah Templehof (World History Network), Kelly Cognac (Resource Center)
• Part-time employees. James Diskant (Program Associate for Symposium, summer institute, and workshops), Yinghong Cheng (World History Network), Tiffany Trimmer (College Board), Parker James (Associate Director), Nabil Kakish (Institutes)
• Stipended graduate students. Stacy Tweedy (World History Network).
• Graduate student project work. Whitney Howarth (AP Institute), Deborah Johnston (Institute).

Space.

Administration. Fall 1999 - the Center was without personnel for coordinator or webmaster.

Space.

.Personnel. During 1999-2000 the Center benefited from the service of the following individuals, listed by the project of their work within the center.